Line data Source code
1 : /*
2 : * Common ioctl functions.
3 : * Copyright (C) 1997, 98 Kunihiro Ishiguro
4 : *
5 : * This file is part of GNU Zebra.
6 : *
7 : * GNU Zebra is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
8 : * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
9 : * Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
10 : * later version.
11 : *
12 : * GNU Zebra is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
13 : * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 : * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 : * General Public License for more details.
16 : *
17 : * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 : * along with GNU Zebra; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
19 : * Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
20 : * 02111-1307, USA.
21 : */
22 :
23 : #include <zebra.h>
24 :
25 : #include "linklist.h"
26 : #include "if.h"
27 : #include "prefix.h"
28 : #include "ioctl.h"
29 : #include "log.h"
30 : #include "privs.h"
31 :
32 : #include "zebra/rib.h"
33 : #include "zebra/rt.h"
34 : #include "zebra/interface.h"
35 :
36 : #ifdef HAVE_BSD_LINK_DETECT
37 : #include <net/if_media.h>
38 : #endif /* HAVE_BSD_LINK_DETECT*/
39 :
40 : extern struct zebra_privs_t zserv_privs;
41 :
42 : /* clear and set interface name string */
43 : void
44 0 : ifreq_set_name (struct ifreq *ifreq, struct interface *ifp)
45 : {
46 0 : strncpy (ifreq->ifr_name, ifp->name, IFNAMSIZ);
47 0 : }
48 :
49 : /* call ioctl system call */
50 : int
51 0 : if_ioctl (u_long request, caddr_t buffer)
52 : {
53 : int sock;
54 : int ret;
55 : int err;
56 :
57 0 : if (zserv_privs.change(ZPRIVS_RAISE))
58 0 : zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't raise privileges");
59 0 : sock = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
60 0 : if (sock < 0)
61 : {
62 0 : int save_errno = errno;
63 0 : if (zserv_privs.change(ZPRIVS_LOWER))
64 0 : zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't lower privileges");
65 0 : zlog_err("Cannot create UDP socket: %s", safe_strerror(save_errno));
66 0 : exit (1);
67 : }
68 0 : if ((ret = ioctl (sock, request, buffer)) < 0)
69 0 : err = errno;
70 0 : if (zserv_privs.change(ZPRIVS_LOWER))
71 0 : zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't lower privileges");
72 0 : close (sock);
73 :
74 0 : if (ret < 0)
75 : {
76 0 : errno = err;
77 0 : return ret;
78 : }
79 0 : return 0;
80 : }
81 :
82 : #ifdef HAVE_IPV6
83 : static int
84 1 : if_ioctl_ipv6 (u_long request, caddr_t buffer)
85 : {
86 : int sock;
87 : int ret;
88 : int err;
89 :
90 1 : if (zserv_privs.change(ZPRIVS_RAISE))
91 0 : zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't raise privileges");
92 1 : sock = socket (AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
93 1 : if (sock < 0)
94 : {
95 0 : int save_errno = errno;
96 0 : if (zserv_privs.change(ZPRIVS_LOWER))
97 0 : zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't lower privileges");
98 0 : zlog_err("Cannot create IPv6 datagram socket: %s",
99 : safe_strerror(save_errno));
100 0 : exit (1);
101 : }
102 :
103 1 : if ((ret = ioctl (sock, request, buffer)) < 0)
104 0 : err = errno;
105 1 : if (zserv_privs.change(ZPRIVS_LOWER))
106 0 : zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't lower privileges");
107 1 : close (sock);
108 :
109 1 : if (ret < 0)
110 : {
111 0 : errno = err;
112 0 : return ret;
113 : }
114 1 : return 0;
115 : }
116 : #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
117 :
118 : /*
119 : * get interface metric
120 : * -- if value is not avaliable set -1
121 : */
122 : void
123 0 : if_get_metric (struct interface *ifp)
124 : {
125 : #ifdef SIOCGIFMETRIC
126 : struct ifreq ifreq;
127 :
128 0 : ifreq_set_name (&ifreq, ifp);
129 :
130 0 : if (if_ioctl (SIOCGIFMETRIC, (caddr_t) &ifreq) < 0)
131 0 : return;
132 0 : ifp->metric = ifreq.ifr_metric;
133 0 : if (ifp->metric == 0)
134 0 : ifp->metric = 1;
135 : #else /* SIOCGIFMETRIC */
136 : ifp->metric = -1;
137 : #endif /* SIOCGIFMETRIC */
138 : }
139 :
140 : /* get interface MTU */
141 : void
142 0 : if_get_mtu (struct interface *ifp)
143 : {
144 : struct ifreq ifreq;
145 :
146 0 : ifreq_set_name (&ifreq, ifp);
147 :
148 : #if defined(SIOCGIFMTU)
149 0 : if (if_ioctl (SIOCGIFMTU, (caddr_t) & ifreq) < 0)
150 : {
151 0 : zlog_info ("Can't lookup mtu by ioctl(SIOCGIFMTU)");
152 0 : ifp->mtu6 = ifp->mtu = -1;
153 0 : return;
154 : }
155 :
156 : #ifdef SUNOS_5
157 : ifp->mtu6 = ifp->mtu = ifreq.ifr_metric;
158 : #else
159 0 : ifp->mtu6 = ifp->mtu = ifreq.ifr_mtu;
160 : #endif /* SUNOS_5 */
161 :
162 : /* propogate */
163 0 : zebra_interface_up_update(ifp);
164 :
165 : #else
166 : zlog (NULL, LOG_INFO, "Can't lookup mtu on this system");
167 : ifp->mtu6 = ifp->mtu = -1;
168 : #endif
169 : }
170 :
171 : #ifdef HAVE_NETLINK
172 : /* Interface address setting via netlink interface. */
173 : int
174 1 : if_set_prefix (struct interface *ifp, struct connected *ifc)
175 : {
176 1 : return kernel_address_add_ipv4 (ifp, ifc);
177 : }
178 :
179 : /* Interface address is removed using netlink interface. */
180 : int
181 0 : if_unset_prefix (struct interface *ifp, struct connected *ifc)
182 : {
183 0 : return kernel_address_delete_ipv4 (ifp, ifc);
184 : }
185 : #else /* ! HAVE_NETLINK */
186 : #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_IFALIASREQ
187 : /* Set up interface's IP address, netmask (and broadcas? ). *BSD may
188 : has ifaliasreq structure. */
189 : int
190 : if_set_prefix (struct interface *ifp, struct connected *ifc)
191 : {
192 : int ret;
193 : struct ifaliasreq addreq;
194 : struct sockaddr_in addr;
195 : struct sockaddr_in mask;
196 : struct prefix_ipv4 *p;
197 :
198 : p = (struct prefix_ipv4 *) ifc->address;
199 : rib_lookup_and_pushup (p);
200 :
201 : memset (&addreq, 0, sizeof addreq);
202 : strncpy ((char *)&addreq.ifra_name, ifp->name, sizeof addreq.ifra_name);
203 :
204 : memset (&addr, 0, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
205 : addr.sin_addr = p->prefix;
206 : addr.sin_family = p->family;
207 : #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_IN_SIN_LEN
208 : addr.sin_len = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in);
209 : #endif
210 : memcpy (&addreq.ifra_addr, &addr, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
211 :
212 : memset (&mask, 0, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
213 : masklen2ip (p->prefixlen, &mask.sin_addr);
214 : mask.sin_family = p->family;
215 : #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_IN_SIN_LEN
216 : mask.sin_len = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in);
217 : #endif
218 : memcpy (&addreq.ifra_mask, &mask, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
219 :
220 : ret = if_ioctl (SIOCAIFADDR, (caddr_t) &addreq);
221 : if (ret < 0)
222 : return ret;
223 : return 0;
224 : }
225 :
226 : /* Set up interface's IP address, netmask (and broadcas? ). *BSD may
227 : has ifaliasreq structure. */
228 : int
229 : if_unset_prefix (struct interface *ifp, struct connected *ifc)
230 : {
231 : int ret;
232 : struct ifaliasreq addreq;
233 : struct sockaddr_in addr;
234 : struct sockaddr_in mask;
235 : struct prefix_ipv4 *p;
236 :
237 : p = (struct prefix_ipv4 *)ifc->address;
238 :
239 : memset (&addreq, 0, sizeof addreq);
240 : strncpy ((char *)&addreq.ifra_name, ifp->name, sizeof addreq.ifra_name);
241 :
242 : memset (&addr, 0, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
243 : addr.sin_addr = p->prefix;
244 : addr.sin_family = p->family;
245 : #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_IN_SIN_LEN
246 : addr.sin_len = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in);
247 : #endif
248 : memcpy (&addreq.ifra_addr, &addr, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
249 :
250 : memset (&mask, 0, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
251 : masklen2ip (p->prefixlen, &mask.sin_addr);
252 : mask.sin_family = p->family;
253 : #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_IN_SIN_LEN
254 : mask.sin_len = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in);
255 : #endif
256 : memcpy (&addreq.ifra_mask, &mask, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
257 :
258 : ret = if_ioctl (SIOCDIFADDR, (caddr_t) &addreq);
259 : if (ret < 0)
260 : return ret;
261 : return 0;
262 : }
263 : #else
264 : /* Set up interface's address, netmask (and broadcas? ). Linux or
265 : Solaris uses ifname:number semantics to set IP address aliases. */
266 : int
267 : if_set_prefix (struct interface *ifp, struct connected *ifc)
268 : {
269 : int ret;
270 : struct ifreq ifreq;
271 : struct sockaddr_in addr;
272 : struct sockaddr_in broad;
273 : struct sockaddr_in mask;
274 : struct prefix_ipv4 ifaddr;
275 : struct prefix_ipv4 *p;
276 :
277 : p = (struct prefix_ipv4 *) ifc->address;
278 :
279 : ifaddr = *p;
280 :
281 : ifreq_set_name (&ifreq, ifp);
282 :
283 : addr.sin_addr = p->prefix;
284 : addr.sin_family = p->family;
285 : memcpy (&ifreq.ifr_addr, &addr, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
286 : ret = if_ioctl (SIOCSIFADDR, (caddr_t) &ifreq);
287 : if (ret < 0)
288 : return ret;
289 :
290 : /* We need mask for make broadcast addr. */
291 : masklen2ip (p->prefixlen, &mask.sin_addr);
292 :
293 : if (if_is_broadcast (ifp))
294 : {
295 : apply_mask_ipv4 (&ifaddr);
296 : addr.sin_addr = ifaddr.prefix;
297 :
298 : broad.sin_addr.s_addr = (addr.sin_addr.s_addr | ~mask.sin_addr.s_addr);
299 : broad.sin_family = p->family;
300 :
301 : memcpy (&ifreq.ifr_broadaddr, &broad, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
302 : ret = if_ioctl (SIOCSIFBRDADDR, (caddr_t) &ifreq);
303 : if (ret < 0)
304 : return ret;
305 : }
306 :
307 : mask.sin_family = p->family;
308 : #ifdef SUNOS_5
309 : memcpy (&mask, &ifreq.ifr_addr, sizeof (mask));
310 : #else
311 : memcpy (&ifreq.ifr_netmask, &mask, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
312 : #endif /* SUNOS5 */
313 : ret = if_ioctl (SIOCSIFNETMASK, (caddr_t) &ifreq);
314 : if (ret < 0)
315 : return ret;
316 :
317 : return 0;
318 : }
319 :
320 : /* Set up interface's address, netmask (and broadcas? ). Linux or
321 : Solaris uses ifname:number semantics to set IP address aliases. */
322 : int
323 : if_unset_prefix (struct interface *ifp, struct connected *ifc)
324 : {
325 : int ret;
326 : struct ifreq ifreq;
327 : struct sockaddr_in addr;
328 : struct prefix_ipv4 *p;
329 :
330 : p = (struct prefix_ipv4 *) ifc->address;
331 :
332 : ifreq_set_name (&ifreq, ifp);
333 :
334 : memset (&addr, 0, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
335 : addr.sin_family = p->family;
336 : memcpy (&ifreq.ifr_addr, &addr, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
337 : ret = if_ioctl (SIOCSIFADDR, (caddr_t) &ifreq);
338 : if (ret < 0)
339 : return ret;
340 :
341 : return 0;
342 : }
343 : #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_IFALIASREQ */
344 : #endif /* HAVE_NETLINK */
345 :
346 : /* get interface flags */
347 : void
348 0 : if_get_flags (struct interface *ifp)
349 : {
350 : int ret;
351 : struct ifreq ifreq;
352 : #ifdef HAVE_BSD_LINK_DETECT
353 : struct ifmediareq ifmr;
354 : #endif /* HAVE_BSD_LINK_DETECT */
355 :
356 0 : ifreq_set_name (&ifreq, ifp);
357 :
358 0 : ret = if_ioctl (SIOCGIFFLAGS, (caddr_t) &ifreq);
359 0 : if (ret < 0)
360 : {
361 0 : zlog_err("if_ioctl(SIOCGIFFLAGS) failed: %s", safe_strerror(errno));
362 0 : return;
363 : }
364 : #ifdef HAVE_BSD_LINK_DETECT /* Detect BSD link-state at start-up */
365 :
366 : /* Per-default, IFF_RUNNING is held high, unless link-detect says
367 : * otherwise - we abuse IFF_RUNNING inside zebra as a link-state flag,
368 : * following practice on Linux and Solaris kernels
369 : */
370 : SET_FLAG(ifreq.ifr_flags, IFF_RUNNING);
371 :
372 : if (CHECK_FLAG (ifp->status, ZEBRA_INTERFACE_LINKDETECTION))
373 : {
374 : (void) memset(&ifmr, 0, sizeof(ifmr));
375 : strncpy (ifmr.ifm_name, ifp->name, IFNAMSIZ);
376 :
377 : /* Seems not all interfaces implement this ioctl */
378 : if (if_ioctl(SIOCGIFMEDIA, (caddr_t) &ifmr) < 0)
379 : zlog_err("if_ioctl(SIOCGIFMEDIA) failed: %s", safe_strerror(errno));
380 : else if (ifmr.ifm_status & IFM_AVALID) /* Link state is valid */
381 : {
382 : if (ifmr.ifm_status & IFM_ACTIVE)
383 : SET_FLAG(ifreq.ifr_flags, IFF_RUNNING);
384 : else
385 : UNSET_FLAG(ifreq.ifr_flags, IFF_RUNNING);
386 : }
387 : }
388 : #endif /* HAVE_BSD_LINK_DETECT */
389 :
390 0 : if_flags_update (ifp, (ifreq.ifr_flags & 0x0000ffff));
391 : }
392 :
393 : /* Set interface flags */
394 : int
395 0 : if_set_flags (struct interface *ifp, uint64_t flags)
396 : {
397 : int ret;
398 : struct ifreq ifreq;
399 :
400 0 : memset (&ifreq, 0, sizeof(struct ifreq));
401 0 : ifreq_set_name (&ifreq, ifp);
402 :
403 0 : ifreq.ifr_flags = ifp->flags;
404 0 : ifreq.ifr_flags |= flags;
405 :
406 0 : ret = if_ioctl (SIOCSIFFLAGS, (caddr_t) &ifreq);
407 :
408 0 : if (ret < 0)
409 : {
410 0 : zlog_info ("can't set interface flags");
411 0 : return ret;
412 : }
413 0 : return 0;
414 : }
415 :
416 : /* Unset interface's flag. */
417 : int
418 0 : if_unset_flags (struct interface *ifp, uint64_t flags)
419 : {
420 : int ret;
421 : struct ifreq ifreq;
422 :
423 0 : memset (&ifreq, 0, sizeof(struct ifreq));
424 0 : ifreq_set_name (&ifreq, ifp);
425 :
426 0 : ifreq.ifr_flags = ifp->flags;
427 0 : ifreq.ifr_flags &= ~flags;
428 :
429 0 : ret = if_ioctl (SIOCSIFFLAGS, (caddr_t) &ifreq);
430 :
431 0 : if (ret < 0)
432 : {
433 0 : zlog_info ("can't unset interface flags");
434 0 : return ret;
435 : }
436 0 : return 0;
437 : }
438 :
439 : #ifdef HAVE_IPV6
440 :
441 : #ifdef LINUX_IPV6
442 : #ifndef _LINUX_IN6_H
443 : /* linux/include/net/ipv6.h */
444 : struct in6_ifreq
445 : {
446 : struct in6_addr ifr6_addr;
447 : u_int32_t ifr6_prefixlen;
448 : int ifr6_ifindex;
449 : };
450 : #endif /* _LINUX_IN6_H */
451 :
452 : /* Interface's address add/delete functions. */
453 : int
454 1 : if_prefix_add_ipv6 (struct interface *ifp, struct connected *ifc)
455 : {
456 : int ret;
457 : struct prefix_ipv6 *p;
458 : struct in6_ifreq ifreq;
459 :
460 1 : p = (struct prefix_ipv6 *) ifc->address;
461 :
462 1 : memset (&ifreq, 0, sizeof (struct in6_ifreq));
463 :
464 1 : memcpy (&ifreq.ifr6_addr, &p->prefix, sizeof (struct in6_addr));
465 1 : ifreq.ifr6_ifindex = ifp->ifindex;
466 1 : ifreq.ifr6_prefixlen = p->prefixlen;
467 :
468 1 : ret = if_ioctl_ipv6 (SIOCSIFADDR, (caddr_t) &ifreq);
469 :
470 1 : return ret;
471 : }
472 :
473 : int
474 0 : if_prefix_delete_ipv6 (struct interface *ifp, struct connected *ifc)
475 : {
476 : int ret;
477 : struct prefix_ipv6 *p;
478 : struct in6_ifreq ifreq;
479 :
480 0 : p = (struct prefix_ipv6 *) ifc->address;
481 :
482 0 : memset (&ifreq, 0, sizeof (struct in6_ifreq));
483 :
484 0 : memcpy (&ifreq.ifr6_addr, &p->prefix, sizeof (struct in6_addr));
485 0 : ifreq.ifr6_ifindex = ifp->ifindex;
486 0 : ifreq.ifr6_prefixlen = p->prefixlen;
487 :
488 0 : ret = if_ioctl_ipv6 (SIOCDIFADDR, (caddr_t) &ifreq);
489 :
490 0 : return ret;
491 : }
492 : #else /* LINUX_IPV6 */
493 : #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_IN6_ALIASREQ
494 : #ifndef ND6_INFINITE_LIFETIME
495 : #define ND6_INFINITE_LIFETIME 0xffffffffL
496 : #endif /* ND6_INFINITE_LIFETIME */
497 : int
498 : if_prefix_add_ipv6 (struct interface *ifp, struct connected *ifc)
499 : {
500 : int ret;
501 : struct in6_aliasreq addreq;
502 : struct sockaddr_in6 addr;
503 : struct sockaddr_in6 mask;
504 : struct prefix_ipv6 *p;
505 :
506 : p = (struct prefix_ipv6 * ) ifc->address;
507 :
508 : memset (&addreq, 0, sizeof addreq);
509 : strncpy ((char *)&addreq.ifra_name, ifp->name, sizeof addreq.ifra_name);
510 :
511 : memset (&addr, 0, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6));
512 : addr.sin6_addr = p->prefix;
513 : addr.sin6_family = p->family;
514 : #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_IN_SIN_LEN
515 : addr.sin6_len = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6);
516 : #endif
517 : memcpy (&addreq.ifra_addr, &addr, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6));
518 :
519 : memset (&mask, 0, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6));
520 : masklen2ip6 (p->prefixlen, &mask.sin6_addr);
521 : mask.sin6_family = p->family;
522 : #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_IN_SIN_LEN
523 : mask.sin6_len = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6);
524 : #endif
525 : memcpy (&addreq.ifra_prefixmask, &mask, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6));
526 :
527 : addreq.ifra_lifetime.ia6t_vltime = 0xffffffff;
528 : addreq.ifra_lifetime.ia6t_pltime = 0xffffffff;
529 :
530 : #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_IF6_ALIASREQ_IFRA_LIFETIME
531 : addreq.ifra_lifetime.ia6t_pltime = ND6_INFINITE_LIFETIME;
532 : addreq.ifra_lifetime.ia6t_vltime = ND6_INFINITE_LIFETIME;
533 : #endif
534 :
535 : ret = if_ioctl_ipv6 (SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, (caddr_t) &addreq);
536 : if (ret < 0)
537 : return ret;
538 : return 0;
539 : }
540 :
541 : int
542 : if_prefix_delete_ipv6 (struct interface *ifp, struct connected *ifc)
543 : {
544 : int ret;
545 : struct in6_aliasreq addreq;
546 : struct sockaddr_in6 addr;
547 : struct sockaddr_in6 mask;
548 : struct prefix_ipv6 *p;
549 :
550 : p = (struct prefix_ipv6 *) ifc->address;
551 :
552 : memset (&addreq, 0, sizeof addreq);
553 : strncpy ((char *)&addreq.ifra_name, ifp->name, sizeof addreq.ifra_name);
554 :
555 : memset (&addr, 0, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6));
556 : addr.sin6_addr = p->prefix;
557 : addr.sin6_family = p->family;
558 : #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_IN_SIN_LEN
559 : addr.sin6_len = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6);
560 : #endif
561 : memcpy (&addreq.ifra_addr, &addr, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6));
562 :
563 : memset (&mask, 0, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6));
564 : masklen2ip6 (p->prefixlen, &mask.sin6_addr);
565 : mask.sin6_family = p->family;
566 : #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_IN_SIN_LEN
567 : mask.sin6_len = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6);
568 : #endif
569 : memcpy (&addreq.ifra_prefixmask, &mask, sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6));
570 :
571 : #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_IF6_ALIASREQ_IFRA_LIFETIME
572 : addreq.ifra_lifetime.ia6t_pltime = ND6_INFINITE_LIFETIME;
573 : addreq.ifra_lifetime.ia6t_vltime = ND6_INFINITE_LIFETIME;
574 : #endif
575 :
576 : ret = if_ioctl_ipv6 (SIOCDIFADDR_IN6, (caddr_t) &addreq);
577 : if (ret < 0)
578 : return ret;
579 : return 0;
580 : }
581 : #else
582 : int
583 : if_prefix_add_ipv6 (struct interface *ifp, struct connected *ifc)
584 : {
585 : return 0;
586 : }
587 :
588 : int
589 : if_prefix_delete_ipv6 (struct interface *ifp, struct connected *ifc)
590 : {
591 : return 0;
592 : }
593 : #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_IN6_ALIASREQ */
594 :
595 : #endif /* LINUX_IPV6 */
596 :
597 : #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
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